Maven test failed on Spring @Autowired and jUnit 5

By mkyong | Updated: October 5, 2018

Viewed: 2,581 (+16 pv/w)

Tags: junit 5 maven test spring 5

Review the following jUnit 5 examples to test a Spring 5 MVC web application.

package com.mkyong.web;

import com.mkyong.web.config.SpringConfig;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.get;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.print;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.*;

@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration(classes = SpringConfig.class)
public class TestWelcome {

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext webAppContext;

    @BeforeEach
    public void setup() {
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(webAppContext).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void testWelcome() throws Exception {

        this.mockMvc.perform(
                get("/"))
                .andDo(print())
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(view().name("index"))
                .andExpect(forwardedUrl("/WEB-INF/views/index.jsp"))
                .andExpect(model().attribute("msg", "Hello World"));

    }

    @Test
    public void testAbc() {
        assertEquals(2, 1 + 1);
    }

}

Tested ok with IntelliJ IDEA and Eclipse. But failed with Maven command – mvn test, look like Maven test is unable to @Autowired the WebApplicationContext class.

D:\java-web-project>mvn test

com.mkyong.web.TestWelcome.testWelcome()  Time elapsed: 0.181 sec  <<< FAILURE!
java.lang.NullPointerException
        at com.mkyong.web.TestWelcome.testWelcome(TestWelcome.java:40)
		
		
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 1.326 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2018-10-05T16:39:18+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test

Solution

In above console, we noticed Maven is using the maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4, it is a bit outdated, may not support the jUnit 5 + Spring 5 integration.

To fix it, update to the latest 2.22.0

	<build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.22.0</version>
            </plugin>

        </plugins>
    </build>

References

1. Maven Surefire Plugin – Using JUnit 5 Platform
2. Maven – List all the project’s plugins