Domain name regular expression example

By mkyong | Updated: September 8, 2014

Viewed: 4,945 (+21 pv/w)

Tags: regex

Domain Name Regular Expression Pattern

^((?!-)[A-Za-z0-9-]{1,63}(?<!-)\\.)+[A-Za-z]{2,6}$

Above pattern makes sure domain name matches the following criteria :

1. The domain name should be a-z | A-Z | 0-9 and hyphen(-)
2. The domain name should between 1 and 63 characters long
3. Last Tld must be at least two characters, and a maximum of 6 characters
4. The domain name should not start or end with hyphen (-) (e.g. -google.com or google-.com)
5. The domain name can be a subdomain (e.g. mkyong.blogspot.com)

Description

^			    #Start of the line
 (			    #Start of group #1
	(?! -)		    #Can't start with a hyphen
	[A-Za-z0-9-]{1,63}  #Domain name is [A-Za-z0-9-], between 1 and 63 long
	(?<!-)		    #Can't end with hyphen
	\\.		    #Follow by a dot "."
 )+			    #End of group #1, this group must appear at least 1 time, but allowed multiple times for subdomain 
 [A-Za-z]{2,6}		    #TLD is [A-Za-z], between 2 and 6 long
$			    #end of the line

List of valid domain names

1. www.google.com
2. google.com
3. mkyong123.com
4. mkyong-info.com
5. sub.mkyong.com
6. sub.mkyong-info.com
7. mkyong.com.au
8. g.co
9. mkyong.t.t.co

List of invalid domain names, and why.

1. mkyong.t.t.c – Tld must between 2 and 6 long
2. mkyong,com – Comma is not allow
3. mkyong – No Tld
4. mkyong.123 , Tld not allow digit
5. .com – Must start with [A-Za-z0-9]
6. mkyong.com/users – No Tld
7. -mkyong.com – Cannot begin with a hyphen –
8. mkyong-.com – Cannot end with a hyphen –
9. sub.-mkyong.com – Cannot begin with a hyphen –
10. sub.mkyong-.com – Cannot end with a hyphen –

1. Java Regular Expression Example

A simple Java example to validate a domain name with above regular expressions pattern.

package com.mkyong.regex;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

public class DomainUtils {

	private static Pattern pDomainNameOnly;
	private static final String DOMAIN_NAME_PATTERN = "^((?!-)[A-Za-z0-9-]{1,63}(?<!-)\\.)+[A-Za-z]{2,6}$";
	
	static {
		pDomainNameOnly = Pattern.compile(DOMAIN_NAME_PATTERN);
	}

	public static boolean isValidDomainName(String domainName) {
		return pDomainNameOnly.matcher(domainName).find();
	}

}

2. Unit Test with jUnit

A jUnit example.

package com.mkyong.regex;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import java.util.Arrays;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameters;

@RunWith(value = Parameterized.class)
public class DomainUtilsTestParam {

	private String domain;
	private boolean expected;

	public DomainUtilsTestParam(String domain, boolean expected) {
		this.domain = domain;
		this.expected = expected;
	}

	@Parameters(name= "{index}: isValid({0})={1}")
 	public static Iterable<Object[]> data() {
 		return Arrays.asList(new Object[][] { 
 		{ "www.google.com", true }, 
 		{ "google.com", true },
 		{ "mkyong123.com", true }, 
 		{ "mkyong-info.com", true }, 
 		{ "sub.mkyong.com", true },
                { "sub.mkyong-info.com", true }, 
                { "mkyong.com.au", true }, 
                { "sub.mkyong.com", true }, 
                { "sub.sub.mkyong.com", true }, 
                { "g.co", true },
                { "mkyong.t.t.co", true },	
                { "mkyong.t.t.c", false },      //Tld must at between 2 and 6 long
                { "mkyong,com", false }, 	//comma not allowed
                { "mkyong", false }, 		//no tld
                { "mkyong.123", false },	//digit not allowed in tld
                { ".com", false }, 		//must start with [A-Za-z0-9]
                { "mkyong.a", false },		//last tld need at least two characters
                { "mkyong.com/users", false },	// no tld
                { "-mkyong.com", false },	//Cannot begin with a hyphen -
                { "mkyong-.com", false },	//Cannot end with a hyphen -
                { "sub.-mkyong.com", false },	//Cannot begin with a hyphen -
                { "sub.mkyong-.com", false }	//Cannot end with a hyphen -
            }
 	);
     }

    @Test
    public void test_validDomains() {
	assertEquals(expected,DomainUtils.isValidDomainName(domain));
    }

}

Output, all passed.

4. Unit Test with TestNG

A TestNG example.

package com.mkyong.regex;

import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.DataProvider;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class DomainUtilsTestParam {

	@DataProvider
	public Object[][] ValidDomainNameProvider() {
	  return new Object[][] {{ 
			   new String[] { 
		"www.google.com", "google.com",
		"mkyong123.com", "mkyong-info.com", 
		"sub.mkyong.com","sub.mkyong-info.com", 
		"mkyong.com.au", "sub.mkyong.com",
		"sub.sub.mkyong.com", "g.co", "mkyong.t.t.co" } } };
	}

	@DataProvider
	public Object[][] InvalidDomainNameProvider() {
	  return new Object[][] { { new String[] { 
		"mkyong.t.t.c", "mkyong,com",
		"mkyong", "mkyong.123", 
		".com", "mkyong.a",
		"mkyong.com/users", "-mkyong.com", 
		"mkyong-.com",".com", "sub.-mkyong.com", "sub.mkyong-.com"} } };
	}
	
	@Test(dataProvider = "ValidDomainNameProvider")
	public void ValidDomainNameTest(String[] domainName) {

		for (String temp : domainName) {
			boolean valid = DomainUtils.isValidDomainName(temp);
			System.out.println("Valid domain name : " + temp);
			Assert.assertEquals(valid, true);
		}

	}

	@Test(dataProvider = "InvalidDomainNameProvider", 
              dependsOnMethods = "ValidDomainNameTest")
	public void InValidDomainNameTest(String[] domainName) {

		for (String temp : domainName) {
			boolean valid = DomainUtils.isValidDomainName(temp);
			System.out.println("Invalid domain name : " + temp);
			Assert.assertEquals(valid, false);
		}
	}

}

Result

Valid domain name : www.google.com
Valid domain name : google.com
Valid domain name : mkyong123.com
Valid domain name : mkyong-info.com
Valid domain name : sub.mkyong.com
Valid domain name : sub.mkyong-info.com
Valid domain name : mkyong.com.au
Valid domain name : sub.mkyong.com
Valid domain name : sub.sub.mkyong.com
Valid domain name : g.co
Valid domain name : mkyong.t.t.co
Invalid domain name : mkyong.t.t.c
Invalid domain name : mkyong,com
Invalid domain name : mkyong
Invalid domain name : mkyong.123
Invalid domain name : .com
Invalid domain name : mkyong.a
Invalid domain name : mkyong.com/users
Invalid domain name : -mkyong.com
Invalid domain name : mkyong-.com
Invalid domain name : .com
Invalid domain name : sub.-mkyong.com
Invalid domain name : sub.mkyong-.com
PASSED: ValidDomainNameTest([Ljava.lang.String;@4661e987)
PASSED: InValidDomainNameTest([Ljava.lang.String;@117b8cf0)

===============================================
    Default test
    Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Skips: 0
===============================================

References

1. RegEx – Look-Around Assertions
2. Wikipedia – List of Internet top-level domains
3. Wikipedia – Top-level domain
4. Wikipedia – Regular Expression