MongoDB hello world example
A quick guide to show you how to do basic operations like create, update, find, delete record and indexing in MongoDB. This example is using MongoDB 2.0.7, running on Mac OS X 10.8, both MongoDB client and server console are run on localhost, same machine.
1. Install MongoDB
Install MongoDB on Windows, Ubuntu or Mac OS X. The installation is easy, basically just download the MongoDB zip file, extra and run the command – $MongoDB-folder/bin/mongod
.
Uses mongod
to start MongoDB.
$./mongod
Tue Sep 11 21:55:36 [initandlisten] MongoDB starting :
pid=72280 port=27017 dbpath=/data/db/ 64-bit host=Yongs-MacBook-Air.local
Tue Sep 11 21:55:36 [initandlisten] db version v2.0.7, pdfile version 4.5
Tue Sep 11 21:55:36 [initandlisten] options: {}
Tue Sep 11 21:55:36 [initandlisten] journal dir=/data/db/journal
Tue Sep 11 21:55:36 [initandlisten] recover : no journal files present, no recovery needed
Tue Sep 11 21:55:36 [websvr] admin web console waiting for connections on port 28017
Tue Sep 11 21:55:36 [initandlisten] waiting for connections on port 27017
2. Connect MongoDB
To connect MongoDB, uses $MongoDB-folder/bin/mongo
$ ./mongo
MongoDB shell version: 2.0.7
connecting to: test
3. Create a database or table (collection)
In MongoDB, both database and table are created automatically when the first time data is inserted. Uses use database-name
, to switch to your database (even this is not created yet).
In below example, after you inserted a single record, database “mkyong”, and table “users” are created on the fly.
$ ./mongo
MongoDB shell version: 2.0.7
connecting to: test
> use mkyong
switched to db mkyong
> db.users.insert({username:"mkyong",password:"123456"})
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("504f45cd17f6c778042c3c07"), "username" : "mkyong", "password" : "123456" }
Three database commands you should know.
show dbs
– List all databases.use db_name
– Switches to db_name.show collections
– List all tables in the current selected database.
In MongoDB, collection means table in SQL.
4. Insert A Record
To insert a record, uses db.tablename.insert({data})
or db.tablename.save({data})
, both works, no idea why MongoDB created both.
> db.users.save({username:"google",password:"google123"})
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("504f45cd17f6c778042c3c07"), "username" : "mkyong", "password" : "123456" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("504f48ea17f6c778042c3c0a"), "username" : "google", "password" : "google123" }
5. Update A Record
To update a record, uses db.tablename.update({criteria},{$set: {new value}})
. In below example, the password of username : “mkyong” is updated.
> db.users.update({username:"mkyong"},{$set:{password:"hello123"}})
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("504f48ea17f6c778042c3c0a"), "username" : "google", "password" : "google123" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("504f45cd17f6c778042c3c07"), "password" : "hello123", "username" : "mkyong" }
6. Find Records
To find or query records, uses db.tablename.find({criteria})
.
6.1 List all records from table “users”.
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("504f48ea17f6c778042c3c0a"), "username" : "google", "password" : "google123" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("504f45cd17f6c778042c3c07"), "password" : "hello123", "username" : "mkyong" }
6.2 Find records where username is “google”
> db.users.find({username:"google"})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("504f48ea17f6c778042c3c0a"), "username" : "google", "password" : "google123" }
6.3 Find records where username’s length is less than or equal to 2
db.users.find({$where:"this.username.length<=2"})
6.4 Find records where username field is existed.
db.users.find({username:{$exists : true}})
7. Delete Record
To delete a record, uses db.tablename.remove({criteria})
. In below example, the record of username “google” is deleted.
> db.users.remove({username:"google"})
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("504f45cd17f6c778042c3c07"), "password" : "hello123", "username" : "mkyong" }
To delete all records from a table, uses
db.tablename.remove()
.To drop the table, uses
db.tablename.drop()
.
8. Indexing
Index may help you increase the speed of querying data.
8.1 List all indexes of table “users”, by default the column “_id” is always the primary key and created automatically.
> db.users.getIndexes()
[
{
"v" : 1,
"key" : {
"_id" : 1
},
"ns" : "mkyong.users",
"name" : "_id_"
}
]
>
8.2 To create an index, uses db.tablename.ensureIndex(column)
. In below example, an index is created on column “username”.
> db.users.ensureIndex({username:1})
> db.users.getIndexes()
[
{
"v" : 1,
"key" : {
"_id" : 1
},
"ns" : "mkyong.users",
"name" : "_id_"
},
{
"v" : 1,
"key" : {
"username" : 1
},
"ns" : "mkyong.users",
"name" : "username_1"
}
]
8.3 To drop an index, uses db.tablename.dropIndex(column)
. In below example, the index on column “username” is deleted or dropped.
> db.users.dropIndex({username:1})
{ "nIndexesWas" : 2, "ok" : 1 }
> db.users.getIndexes()
[
{
"v" : 1,
"key" : {
"_id" : 1
},
"ns" : "mkyong.users",
"name" : "_id_"
}
]
>
8.4 To create an unique index, uses db.tablename.ensureIndex({column},{unique:true})
. In below example, an unique index is created on column “username”.
> db.users.ensureIndex({username:1},{unique:true});
> db.users.getIndexes()
[
{
"v" : 1,
"key" : {
"_id" : 1
},
"ns" : "mkyong.users",
"name" : "_id_"
},
{
"v" : 1,
"key" : {
"username" : 1
},
"unique" : true,
"ns" : "mkyong.users",
"name" : "username_1"
}
]
10. Help
At last, uses help()
to guide you how to do things in MongoDB.
10.1 help
– All available commands.
> help
db.help() help on db methods
db.mycoll.help() help on collection methods
rs.help() help on replica set methods
help admin administrative help
help connect connecting to a db help
help keys key shortcuts
//...
10.2 db.help()
– Shows help on db.
> db.help()
DB methods:
db.addUser(username, password[, readOnly=false])
db.auth(username, password)
db.cloneDatabase(fromhost)
db.commandHelp(name) returns the help for the command
db.copyDatabase(fromdb, todb, fromhost)
//...
10.3 db.collection.help()
– Shows help on collection (table).
> db.users.help()
DBCollection help
db.users.find().help() - show DBCursor help
db.users.count()
db.users.dataSize()
db.users.distinct( key ) - eg. db.users.distinct( 'x' )
db.users.drop() drop the collection
db.users.dropIndex(name)
//...
10.4 db.collection.function.help()
– Shows help on function.
> db.users.find().help()
find() modifiers
.sort( {...} )
.limit( n )
.skip( n )
.count() - total # of objects matching query, ignores skip,limit
.size() - total # of objects cursor would return, honors skip,limit
.explain([verbose])
//...
Done. Hope this summary of MongoDB commands could help others.
ABOUT “To insert a record, uses db.tablename.insert({data}) or db.tablename.save({data}), both works, no idea why MongoDB created both.”
PLEASE REFER TO http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7612703/difference-between-db-collectionx-save-and-db-collectionx-insert
It’is like a difference between REPLACE and INSERT in SQL DB
Its good to know this. Thank you.
I have a question, by default always appear “[websvr] admin web console waiting for connections on port XXXX”? there is no way to remove it?
Terrific stuff as usual…thanks..for all of your simple but helpful tutorials!
Those tutorials will definitely help me out during my career. Thanks so much.
Thanks a lot for your tutorials. You are awesome !!
Thanks alot sir your tutorials are really helpful for a beginner like me 🙂
regards,
Subramanyam
Thanks alot mkyong. It’s really good for quick start up. I really appreciate your hard work for building up with good examples and sample code.
thanks,
Sankara.
have been exploring the cloud foundry offerings and thought i’d start with mongoDB. My tool of choice is groovy (JVM) and like to keep things simple until i understand the technology. So i avoid using eclipse, springsource at the start until the lightbulb comes on 🙂
this post has been just what i needed to get going with mongo. i can adjust it for groovy syntax and it will sure speed up my efforts. So i just wanted to say a BIG ‘Thank you’ for this work. It’s just what the doctor ordered !!!
Now will try to adapt your sample to run in a cloud foundry remote instance. 😀
kind regards
jim
Your examples are good. What is the real benefit of using mongo db?
compared to SQL is much faster when the consultations show, and you can store much more data in a single BSON unrelated, unless you use DBRef, is unstructured, you can save as you want …