Maven Profiles example

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In this article, we will show you few Maven profile examples to pass different parameters (server or database parameters) for different environments (dev, test or prod).

P.S Tested with Maven 3.5.3

1. Basic Maven Profiles

1.1 A simple profile to skip the unit test.

pom.xml

	<!-- skip unit test -->
	<profile>
		<id>xtest</id>
		<properties>
			<maven.test.skip>true</maven.test.skip>
		</properties>
	</profile>

1.2 To activate a profile, add -P option.

Terminal

# Activate xtest profile to skip unit test and package the project
  
$ mvn package -Pxtest

1.3 To activate multiple profiles :

Terminal

$ mvn package -P xtest, another-profile-id

# multi modules, same syntax
$ mvn -pl module-name package -P xtest, another-profile-id

1.4 Always add maven-help-plugin to display the active profile during the compile or package phase, it will save you a lot of debugging time.

pom.xml

	<build>
        <plugins>
            <!-- display active profile in compile phase -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-help-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.1.0</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>show-profiles</id>
                        <phase>compile</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>active-profiles</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>

        </plugins>
    </build>

Next time, the current active profile will be displayed in compile phase.

Terminal

$ mvn compile -P xtest

[INFO] --- maven-help-plugin:3.1.0:active-profiles (show-profiles) @ example1 ---
[INFO]
Active Profiles for Project 'com.mkyong:example1:jar:1.0':

The following profiles are active:

 - xtest (source: com.mkyong:example1:1.0)

2. Maven Profiles – Example 1

Maven profile example to pass different properties values to development and production environments.

2.1 A properties file.

resources/db.properties

db.driverClassName=${db.driverClassName}
db.url=${db.url}
db.username=${db.username}
db.password=${db.password}

2.2 Enable the filtering. Maven will map the ${} in resources/db.properties with the active Maven profile properties.

Note
Read this Maven filtering
pom.xml

        <!-- map ${} variable -->
	<resources>
		<resource>
			<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
			<filtering>true</filtering>
		</resource>
	</resources>

2.3 Create two profiles ids (dev and prod) with different properties values.

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
         http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

    <parent>
        <artifactId>maven-profiles</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.mkyong</groupId>
        <version>1.0</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>example1</artifactId>

    <profiles>

        <profile>
            <id>dev</id>
            <activation>
                <!-- this profile is active by default -->
                <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
                <!-- activate if system properties 'env=dev' -->
                <property>
                    <name>env</name>
                    <value>dev</value>
                </property>
            </activation>
            <properties>
                <db.driverClassName>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</db.driverClassName>
                <db.url>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dev</db.url>
                <db.username>mkyong</db.username>
                <db.password>8d969eef6ecad3c29a3a629280e686cf0c3f5d5a86aff3ca12020c923adc6c92</db.password>
            </properties>
        </profile>

        <profile>
            <id>prod</id>
            <activation>
                <!-- activate if system properties 'env=prod' -->
                <property>
                    <name>env</name>
                    <value>prod</value>
                </property>
            </activation>
            <properties>
                <db.driverClassName>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</db.driverClassName>
                <db.url>jdbc:mysql://live01:3306/prod</db.url>
                <db.username>mkyong</db.username>
                <db.password>8d969eef6ecad3c29a3a629280e686cf0c3f5d5a86aff3ca12020c923adc6c92</db.password>
            </properties>
        </profile>

    </profiles>

    <build>

        <!-- map ${} variable -->
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>

        <plugins>

            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.2.0</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>shade</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <transformers>
                                <transformer
                                        implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
                                    <mainClass>com.mkyong.example1.App1</mainClass>
                                </transformer>
                            </transformers>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>

        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

2.4 Loads the properties file and print it out.

App1.java

package com.mkyong.example1;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;

public class App1 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        App1 app = new App1();
        Properties prop = app.loadPropertiesFile("db.properties");
        prop.forEach((k, v) -> System.out.println(k + ":" + v));

    }

    public Properties loadPropertiesFile(String filePath) {

        Properties prop = new Properties();

        try (InputStream resourceAsStream = getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(filePath)) {
            prop.load(resourceAsStream);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.err.println("Unable to load properties file : " + filePath);
        }

        return prop;

    }
}

2.5 Test it.

Terminal

# default profile id is 'dev'
$ mvn package

$ java -jar target/example1-1.0.jar
db.password:8d969eef6ecad3c29a3a629280e686cf0c3f5d5a86aff3ca12020c923adc6c92
db.driverClassName:com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
db.username:mkyong
db.url:jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dev

# enable profile id 'prod' with -P prod or -D env=prod
$ mvn package -P prod
$ mvn package -D env=prod

$ java -jar target/example1-1.0.jar
db.password:8d969eef6ecad3c29a3a629280e686cf0c3f5d5a86aff3ca12020c923adc6c92
db.driverClassName:com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
db.username:mkyong
db.url:jdbc:mysql://live01:3306/prod

3. Maven Profiles – Example 2

This Maven profile example will put everything in the properties file.

3.1 A properties file, later Maven will map the value depend on the profile id.

resources/config.properties

# Database Config
db.driverClassName=${db.driverClassName}
db.url=${db.url}
db.username=${db.username}
db.password=${db.password}

# Email Server
email.server=${email.server}

# Log Files
log.file.location=${log.file.location}

3.2 Create different properties files for dev,test and production environment.

resources/env/config.dev.properties

# Database Config
db.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
db.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dev
db.username=mkyong
db.password=8d969eef6ecad3c29a3a629280e686cf0c3f5d5a86aff3ca12020c923adc6c92

# Email Server
email.server=email-dev:8888

# Log Files
log.file.location=dev/file.log
resources/env/config.test.properties

# Database Config
db.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
db.url=jdbc:mysql://test01:3306/test
db.username=mkyong
db.password=8d969eef6ecad3c29a3a629280e686cf0c3f5d5a86aff3ca12020c923adc6c92

# Email Server
email.server=email-test:8888

# Log Files
log.file.location=test/file.log
resources/env/config.prod.properties

# Database Config
db.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
db.url=jdbc:mysql://live01:3306/prod
db.username=mkyong
db.password=8d969eef6ecad3c29a3a629280e686cf0c3f5d5a86aff3ca12020c923adc6c92

# Email Server
email.server=email-prod:25

# Log Files
log.file.location=prod/file.log

3.3 Enable the filtering. This is the key!

Note
Read this Maven filtering
pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
         http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

    <parent>
        <artifactId>maven-profiles</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.mkyong</groupId>
        <version>1.0</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>example2</artifactId>

    <profiles>

        <profile>
            <id>dev</id>
            <activation>
                <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
            </activation>
            <properties>
                <env>dev</env>
            </properties>
        </profile>

        <profile>
            <id>prod</id>
            <properties>
                <env>prod</env>
            </properties>
        </profile>

        <profile>
            <id>test</id>
            <properties>
                <env>test</env>
            </properties>
        </profile>

    </profiles>

    <build>

        <!-- Loading all ${} -->
        <filters>
            <filter>src/main/resources/env/config.${env}.properties</filter>
        </filters>

        <!-- Map ${} into resources -->
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
                <includes>
                    <include>*.properties</include>
                </includes>
            </resource>
        </resources>

        <plugins>

            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.2.0</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>shade</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <transformers>
                                <transformer
                                        implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
                                    <mainClass>com.mkyong.example2.App2</mainClass>
                                </transformer>
                            </transformers>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>

    </build>

</project>

3.4 Loads the properties file and print it out.

App1.java

package com.mkyong.example2;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;

public class App2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        App2 app = new App2();
        Properties prop = app.loadPropertiesFile("config.properties");
        prop.forEach((k, v) -> System.out.println(k + ":" + v));

    }

    public Properties loadPropertiesFile(String filePath) {

        Properties prop = new Properties();

        try (InputStream resourceAsStream = getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(filePath)) {
            prop.load(resourceAsStream);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.err.println("Unable to load properties file : " + filePath);
        }

        return prop;

    }

}

3.5 Test it.

Terminal

# profile id dev (default) 
$ mvn package

$ java -jar target/example2-1.0.jar
log.file.location:dev/file.log
db.password:8d969eef6ecad3c29a3a629280e686cf0c3f5d5a86aff3ca12020c923adc6c92
db.driverClassName:com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
db.username:mkyong
email.server:email-dev:8888
db.url:jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dev

# profile id prod
$ mvn package -P prod

$ java -jar target/example2-1.0.jar
log.file.location:prod/file.log
db.password:8d969eef6ecad3c29a3a629280e686cf0c3f5d5a86aff3ca12020c923adc6c92
db.driverClassName:com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
db.username:mkyong
email.server:email-prod:25
db.url:jdbc:mysql://live01:3306/prod

# profile id test
$ mvn package -P test

$ java -jar target/example2-1.0.jar
log.file.location:test/file.log
db.password:8d969eef6ecad3c29a3a629280e686cf0c3f5d5a86aff3ca12020c923adc6c92
db.driverClassName:com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
db.username:mkyong
email.server:email-test:8888
db.url:jdbc:mysql://test01:3306/test

The end, let me know your use case :)

Download Source Code

$ git clone https://github.com/mkyong/maven-examples.git
$ cd maven-profiles

# Test the example 1 with profile ‘prod’
$ mvn -pl example1 package -Pprod
$ java -jar example1/target/example1-1.0.jar

# Test the example 2 with profile ‘test’
$ mvn -pl example2 package -Ptest
$ java -jar example2/target/example2-1.0.jar

References

  1. Introduction to Build Profiles
  2. Maven Best Practices
  3. Building For Different Environments with Maven 2
  4. Maven Filtering

About the Author

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mkyong
Founder of Mkyong.com, love Java and open source stuff. Follow him on Twitter. If you like my tutorials, consider make a donation to these charities.

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monsio

Thanks for that tutorial.

If you use spring boot replace ${var} with @var@ in your configuration files

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15 hours ago