Problem

A Struts 2 annotation enabled project, hits the following error message during server start up.

Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: com/opensymphony/xwork2/util/finder/Test
  at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredConstructors0(Native Method)
  at java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredConstructors(Unknown Source)
  at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredConstructors(Unknown Source)
  ... 24 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.finder.Test
  at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1516)
  at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1361)
  ... 28 more

Solution

The “xwork.jar” library is missing, as it’s required in the Struts 2 development. Download it from Maven central repository.

    <dependency>
           <groupId>com.opensymphony</groupId>
           <artifactId>xwork</artifactId>
           <version>2.1.3</version>
    </dependency>
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