This is a Struts localization example, displaying the message or content base on the specified selected language. By default, Struts will store a Locale attribute for each user in their session context under a key “org.apache.struts.action.LOCALE“, all you need to do is play around with this session attribute.

Download this Struts localization example – Struts-Localization-Example.zip

1. Project Structure

This is the project structure.

Struts-localization-folder

2. Properties file

All the localize messages are declared in properties file, format as “filename_locale_code.properties“. You can check the locale code in Java.Util.Locale class. e.g

  • English – Common.properties or Common_en_US.properties
  • Chinese – Common_zh_CN.properties
  • France – Common_fr.properties
  • German – Common_de.properties

Common.properties

#error message
error.common.username.required = Username is required
error.common.password.required = Password is required
 
#label message
label.common.message = localization example
label.common.username = Username 
label.common.password = Password
label.common.button.submit = Submit

Common_de.properties

#error message
error.common.username.required = Benutzername ist erforderlich
error.common.password.required = Passwort ist erforderlich
 
#label message
label.common.message = Lokalisierung Beispiel
label.common.username = Benutzername 
label.common.password = Kennwort
label.common.button.submit = Einreichen

3. Action class

Create a action class which extends DispatchAction for the multiple action purposes.

package com.mkyong.common.action;
 
import java.util.Locale;
 
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 
import org.apache.struts.Globals;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import org.apache.struts.actions.DispatchAction;
 
public class LanguageSelectAction extends DispatchAction{
 
	public ActionForward chinese(ActionMapping mapping,ActionForm form,
		HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) 
	throws Exception {
 
		request.getSession().setAttribute(
				Globals.LOCALE_KEY, Locale.SIMPLIFIED_CHINESE);
 
		return mapping.findForward("success");
	}
 
	public ActionForward english(ActionMapping mapping,ActionForm form,
		HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) 
	throws Exception {
 
		request.getSession().setAttribute(
				Globals.LOCALE_KEY, Locale.ENGLISH);
 
		return mapping.findForward("success");
	}
 
	public ActionForward german(ActionMapping mapping,ActionForm form,
		HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) 
	throws Exception {
 
		request.getSession().setAttribute(
				Globals.LOCALE_KEY, Locale.GERMAN);
 
		return mapping.findForward("success");
	}
 
	public ActionForward france(ActionMapping mapping,ActionForm form,
		HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) 
	throws Exception {
 
		request.getSession().setAttribute(
				Globals.LOCALE_KEY, Locale.FRANCE);
 
		return mapping.findForward("success");
	}
 
}

4. Action Form

Create a action form to hold the username and password data, and also for the form validation.

package com.mkyong.common.form;
 
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
 
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionErrors;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMessage;
 
public class UserForm extends ActionForm{
 
	String username;
	String password;
 
	public String getUsername() {
		return username;
	}
 
	public void setUsername(String username) {
		this.username = username;
	}
 
	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}
 
	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}
 
	@Override
	public ActionErrors validate(ActionMapping mapping,
		HttpServletRequest request) {
 
	    ActionErrors errors = new ActionErrors();
 
	    if( getUsername() == null || ("".equals(getUsername())))
	    {
	       errors.add("common.username.err",
	    	new ActionMessage("error.common.username.required"));
	    }
 
	    if( getPassword() == null || ("".equals(getPassword())))
	    {
	       errors.add("common.password.err",
	    	new ActionMessage("error.common.password.required"));
	    }
 
	    return errors;
	}
 
	@Override
	public void reset(ActionMapping mapping, HttpServletRequest request) {
		// reset properties
		username = "";
		password = "";
	}
}

5. JSP

Create a JSP page to display the language selection, form value and also the error message. The “/Locale.do?method=chinese” will match the DispatchAction chinese() method.

<%@taglib uri="http://struts.apache.org/tags-html" prefix="html"%>
<%@taglib uri="http://struts.apache.org/tags-bean" prefix="bean"%>
 
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
</head>
<body>
<h1><bean:message key="label.common.message" /></h1>
 
<html:messages id="err_name" property="common.username.err">
<div style="color:red">
	<bean:write name="err_name" />
</div>
</html:messages>
 
<html:messages id="err_password" property="common.password.err">
<div style="color:red">
	<bean:write name="err_password" />
</div>
</html:messages>
<br />
<br />
<html:link page="/Locale.do?method=chinese">Chinese</html:link>
<html:link page="/Locale.do?method=english">English</html:link>
<html:link page="/Locale.do?method=german">German</html:link>
<html:link page="/Locale.do?method=france">France</html:link>
 
<html:form action="/Submit">
<br />
<bean:message key="label.common.username" /> : 
<html:text property="username" />
<br />
<br />
<bean:message key="label.common.password" /> : 
<html:text property="password" />
<br />
<br />
 
<html:submit>
   <bean:message key="label.common.button.submit" />
</html:submit>
</html:form>
 
</body>
</html>

6. struts-config.xml

Put it all together.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC 
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.3//EN" 
"http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_3.dtd">
 
<struts-config>
 
	<form-beans>
		<form-bean
			name="userForm"
			type="com.mkyong.common.form.UserForm"/>
 
	</form-beans>
 
	<action-mappings>
 
		<action
			path="/LoginPage"
			type="org.apache.struts.actions.ForwardAction"
			parameter="/pages/multi-language.jsp"/>
 
		<action
			path="/Submit"
			type="com.mkyong.common.action.LanguageSelectAction"
			name="userForm"
			validate="true"
			input="/pages/multi-language.jsp"
			>
			<forward name="success" path="/pages/multi-language.jsp"/>
		</action>
 
		<action
			path="/Locale"
			type="com.mkyong.common.action.LanguageSelectAction"
			name="userForm"
			parameter="method"
			validate="false"
			>
			<forward name="success" path="/pages/multi-language.jsp"/>
		</action>
 
	</action-mappings>
 
	<message-resources
		parameter="com.mkyong.common.properties.Common" />
 
</struts-config>

7. wel.xml

Integrate the Struts framework in web deployment descriptor file.

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
 
<web-app>
  <display-name>Maven Struts Examples</display-name>
 
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>
        org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet
    </servlet-class>
    <init-param>
        <param-name>config</param-name>
        <param-value>
         /WEB-INF/struts-config.xml
        </param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
 
  <servlet-mapping>
       <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
       <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
 
</web-app>

Screen shot

http://localhost:8080/StrutsExample/LoginPage.do

You can change the interface by the language links.

English interface

Struts-localization-english

Chinese interface

Struts-localization-chinese

France interface

Struts-localization-france

German interface

Struts-localization-german
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